.NET Fundamentals

.net : Is a framework intoduced by microsoft for application developer.

Components ( top to bottom )

• .net Applications: Windows, console, web etc
• BCL: Base class library, ado.net, reflection, threading, I/O. also known as FCL, Framework class library.
• CLR ( Common language runtime ) Debugger, Type Checking, JIT, exception, GC
• Win 32 (Operating system )

CLR: Is heart of .net framework is also known as .net runtime. It provide execution environment for .net Application. It includes

• CLI ( Common language interface ) its allow application to be written in high lavel programing language and executed in different environment. Responsible to convert all framework language in to MSIL ( Microsoft intermediate language ).
• CTS ( Common type system ) its specify how type definition and specific value of types share information among different programming language.
• Assemblies : When you compile an application, the MSIL code created is stored in an assembly. Assemblies include resource files of application like exe.dll and images.
• JIT ( Just in time ) Complier : It compile MSIL in to native code.
• CM ( Code Manager ) It invoke CLASS LOADER for execution.
• GC ( Garbage Collector )

.NET supports two kind of coding

• Managed Code : The resource, which is with in our application domain is, managed code. 
• Unmanaged Code : The code, which is developed outside .NET, Framework is known as Unmanaged code. ex VB, ASP etc

Execution of C# code

1. c# code
2. converted in to MSIL with the help of CLI
3. then JIT convert MSIL in to native language 
4. code manger execute code 
5. CPU
6. Output